What is Zygoma Fracture?
A zygoma fracture, commonly referred to as a cheekbone fracture, occurs when the zygomatic bone, a prominent structure of the face, sustains a break due to trauma or injury. The zygomatic bone forms the cheek and part of the orbital floor, playing a crucial role in facial symmetry, function, and appearance. These fractures are often associated with blunt force injuries resulting from car accidents, sports collisions, falls, or physical assaults
Types of Zygoma Fractures
Zygoma fractures can vary in severity and presentation. The main types include
- Isolated Zygoma Fracture: This involves only the zygomatic bone without displacement or damage to surrounding structures.
- Zygomaticomaxillary Complex (ZMC) Fracture: This type affects multiple bones connected to the zygoma, including the maxilla, orbital floor, and frontal bone, often leading to significant facial deformity.
- Orbital Blowout Fracture: Occurs when the orbital floor is fractured, sometimes impacting eye movement and vision.
Symptoms of a Zygoma Fracture
- Facial Swelling: The cheek may appear swollen due to tissue injury around the fracture site.
- Flattened Cheekbone: A noticeable depression or asymmetry in the cheek region.
- Bruising: Common around the eyes or cheek area, indicating trauma.
- Restricted Jaw Movement: Difficulty opening or closing the mouth due to muscle involvement.
- Numbness: Loss of sensation in the cheek, upper lip, or teeth due to nerve involvement.
- Visual Disturbances: Blurry vision or double vision if the fracture impacts the orbital area.
Diagnosis of Zygoma Fracture
Diagnosing a zygoma fracture involves a combination of physical examination and imaging studies. During the examination, a healthcare professional evaluates facial alignment, swelling, and sensory changes. Diagnostic imaging, such as X-rays or CT scans, provides a detailed view of the fracture site, severity, and involvement of adjacent structures
Treatment for Zygoma Fracture
Treatment depends on the complexity of the fracture. Mild fractures may not require surgery and can heal naturally with rest and pain management. However, more severe fractures often need surgical intervention to restore facial symmetry and functionality
Surgical procedures may involve repositioning the fractured bones and securing them with plates or screws to ensure stability during the healing process. Post-surgery, patients may need follow-ups to monitor healing and recovery
Zygoma fractures are a common facial injury requiring timely evaluation and treatment. Addressing these fractures promptly ensures proper restoration of facial aesthetics and function